MAC lung disease is an infection caused a group of bacteria called Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). MAC includes two closely related species, Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare, and may also be referred to as MAI. MAC is one of a large group of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), and the most common cause of NTM lung disease in the U.S.
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MAC organisms are common in soil and water and are easily inhaled during daily activities. Most of the time they cause no harm, but they can cause infection in groups with certain risk factors. These groups include people living with lung disease such as bronchiectasisandCOPD, and people with a weakened immune system because of an autoimmune disorder or medical treatment such as drugs that compromise immunity. Postmenopausal women and people over 65 years old are also more likely to develop MAC lung disease than the general public.
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Key Facts
- MAC infection is a serious condition that can cause damage to the lungs.
- MAC infection is not contagious.
- Common signs and symptoms of MAC lung disease include fatigue, chronic cough, shortness of breath, night sweats, coughing up blood and weight loss. Symptoms may persist or worsen despite being treated for another lung condition.
- MAC lung disease diagnosis includes a clinical exam, a chest x-ray or CT scan and a lab culture of sputum from your lungs.
- MAC lung disease treatment usually involves a combination of antibiotics taken over an extended period of time.
- In addition to lung disease, MAC can also cause an infection that spreads throughout the body, usually in people with advanced AIDS, called disseminated MAC disease, as well as a swelling in the lymph nodes called lymphadenitis that is most common in young children.
For more information about MAC lung disease symptoms, diagnosis and treatment, see our pages on nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease.
Development of this educational content was supported by a collaborative sponsorship from Insmed Incorporated.
Generic Name:nitrofurantoin (NYE troe fue RAN toin)
Brand Name:Macrobid, Macrodantin, Nitro Macro
Medically reviewed by Sanjai Sinha, MD. Last updated on April 1, 2020.
What is Macrobid?
Macrobid (nitrofurantoin) is an antibiotic that fights bacteria in the body.
Macrobid is used to treat urinary tract infections.
Macrobid may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.
Warnings
You should not take Macrobid if you have severe kidney disease, urination problems, or a history of jaundice or liver problems caused by nitrofurantoin.
Do not take Macrobid if you are in the last 2 to 4 weeks of pregnancy.
Before taking this medicine
You should not take Macrobid if you are allergic to nitrofurantoin, or if you have:
severe kidney disease;
a history of jaundice or liver problems caused by taking nitrofurantoin;
if you are urinating less than usual or not at all; or
if you are in the last 2 to 4 weeks of pregnancy.
Do not take Macrobid if you are in the last 2 to 4 weeks of pregnancy.
To make sure Macrobid is safe for you, tell your doctor if you have:
kidney disease;
anemia;
diabetes;
an electrolyte imbalance or vitamin B deficiency;
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency; or
any type of debilitating disease.
FDA pregnancy category B. Macrobid is not expected to be harmful to an unborn baby during early pregnancy. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant during treatment.
Nitrofurantoin can pass into breast milk and may harm a nursing baby. You should not breast-feed while you are taking Macrobid.
Macrobid should not be given to a child younger than 1 month old.
How should I take Macrobid?
Take Macrobid exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Follow all directions on your prescription label. Do not take this medicine in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended.
Take Macrobid with food.
Shake the oral suspension (liquid) well just before you measure a dose. Measure liquid medicine with the dosing syringe provided, or with a special dose-measuring spoon or medicine cup. If you do not have a dose-measuring device, ask your pharmacist for one.
You may mix your liquid dose with water, milk, or fruit juice to make it easier to swallow. Drink the entire mixture right away.
Use this medicine for the full prescribed length of time. Your symptoms may improve before the infection is completely cleared. Skipping doses may also increase your risk of further infection that is resistant to antibiotics. Macrobid will not treat a viral infection such as the common cold or flu.
Macrobid is usually given for 5 days in females and 7 days in males for uncomplicated UTI.
Liver Macros
If you use this medicine long-term, for prevention of UTI, you may need frequent medical tests at your doctor's office.
Mac Os Versions
Macrobid can cause unusual results with certain lab tests for glucose (sugar) in the urine. Tell any doctor who treats you that you are using Macrobid.
Store at room temperature away from moisture, heat, and light.
What happens if I miss a dose?
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. Skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.
What happens if I overdose?
Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222.
What to avoid
Antibiotic medicines can cause diarrhea, which may be a sign of a new infection. If you have diarrhea that is watery or has blood in it, call your doctor. Do not use any medicine to stop the diarrhea unless your doctor has told you to.
Avoid using antacids without your doctor's advice. Use only the type of antacid your doctor recommends. Some antacids can make it harder for your body to absorb nitrofurantoin.
Macrobid side effects
Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction to Macrobid: hives; difficult breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.
Call your doctor at once if you have:
diarrhea that is watery or bloody;
sudden chest pain or discomfort, wheezing, dry cough or hack;
new or worsening cough, trouble breathing;
fever, chills, body aches, tiredness, unexplained weight loss;
numbness, tingling, or pain in your hands or feet;
liver problems--nausea, upper stomach pain, itching, tired feeling, loss of appetite, dark urine, clay-colored stools, jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes); or
lupus-like syndrome--joint pain or swelling with fever, swollen glands, muscle aches, chest pain, vomiting, unusual thoughts or behavior, and patchy skin color.
Serious side effects may be more likely in older adults and those who are ill or debilitated.
Common Macrobid side effects may include:
headache, dizziness;
gas, upset stomach;
mild diarrhea; or
vaginal itching or discharge.
This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
Dosing information
Usual Adult Dose for Cystitis:
Regular release: 50 to 100 mg orally 4 times a day for 1 week or for at least 3 days after urine sterility is obtained
Dual release: 100 mg orally twice a day for 7 days
Usual Adult Dose for Cystitis Prophylaxis:
Regular release: 50 to 100 mg orally once a day at bedtime
Usual Pediatric Dose for Cystitis:
Regular release:
1 month or older: 5 to 7 mg/kg/day (up to 400 mg/day) orally in 4 divided doses
Dual release:
Greater than 12 years: 100 mg orally twice a day for 7 days
Usual Pediatric Dose for Cystitis Prophylaxis:
Regular release:
1 month or older: 1 to 2 mg/kg/day (up to 100 mg/day) orally in 1 to 2 divided doses
What other drugs will affect Macrobid?
Other drugs may interact with nitrofurantoin, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products. Tell each of your health care providers about all medicines you use now and any medicine you start or stop using.
Frequently asked questions
More about Macrobid (nitrofurantoin)
- During Pregnancy or Breastfeeding
Consumer resources
- Other brands
- Macrodantin, Furadantin
Professional resources
Liver Mac Os 7
Related treatment guides
Further information
Mac Os Mojave
Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share your medicines with others, and use Macrobid only for the indication prescribed.
Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances.
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